Collective farms

• Larger farms merging together smaller peasant holders
• Pool labour and resources
• Improve efficiency
• Free up labour for industry
• Collect grain for workers and export and sellStalin makes up Marxism because wasn't specific
• Create "socialist agrotowns"

3 types

Toz (Least common)

• Peasants own land
• Share machinery
• Coop in harvesting

Sovkhov (Stalin preferred)

• Owned by state
• Peasants paid a regular wage

Kolkhoz

• Land joint owned
• Run by elected committee
• Land, tools, crops and livestock shared
• Peasants also had own plot of land for vegetables and animals if wanted to

Terror

• 25,000ers enforce collectivisation - return to Moscow with news of collapsing country side
• Took Kulaks' tools, machinery and animals
• Forced peasants to sign letters saying they wanted collectivisation
• Kulaks shot, sent to gulags or deported (approx. 10 million)

Propaganda

• Turn peasants against kulaks
• "dizzy with success"

1930s - Stalin realised workers need incentive

1932 - allowed peasants to sell in market

1934 - increased prices for state-procured wheat and rye

1940 - markets 19% of retail trade turnover - embarrassing for Party