- Economic problems - NEP not working - there were problems with Stalin's agricultural and industrial policies - 5yps controversial
- Paranoid about being overthrown
- Politburo opposition
- Rivalries within the party
Short term
- In the congress of victors in February 1934 Stalin came second in the election for the new central committee. Kirov came first and was urged to challenge Stalin which threatened Stalin's position
- Kirov's murder was the justification for launching the terror. Stalin claimed it was part of a conspiracy that aimed to overthrow the communist government
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